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tracheoesophageal fistula
A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF, or TOF; see spelling differences) is an abnormal connection (fistula) between the esophagus and the trachea. TEF is a common congenital abnormality, but when occurring late in life is usually the sequela of surgical procedures such as a laryngectomy.
==Causes==
Congenital TEF can arise due to failed fusion of the tracheoesophageal ridges after the fourth week of embryological development.
A fistula, from the Latin meaning ‘a pipe,’ is an abnormal connection running either between two tubes or between a tube and a surface. In tracheo-esophageal fistula it runs between the trachea and the esophagus. This connection may or may not have a central cavity; if it does, then food within the esophagus may pass into the trachea (and on to the lungs) or alternatively, air in the trachea may cross into the esophagus.
TEF can also occur due to pressure necrosis by a tracheostomy tube in apposition to a nasogastric tube (NGT).〔Dr. Lorne H. Blackbourne, ''Advanced Surgical Recall, 3rd Ed.'', pg. 206.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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